Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kesul

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

*kesul m

pebble, gravel

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*kesul
Genitive	*kesulas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kesul	kesulō, kesulōs
Accusative	*kesul	*kesulā
Genitive	*kesulas	*kesulō
Dative	*kesulē	*kesulum
Instrumental	*kesulu	*kesulum

Alternative reconstructions

*kisil[1]

Derived terms

*kesulastain

Descendants

Old English: ċeosol, ċeosel, ċysel, ċisel, ċisil
- Middle English: chesil, chesel, chisel
  - English: chisel, chesil, chissel, chessil
  - Scots: keezel
Old Saxon: *kesal
- Middle Low German: kēserlinc, kesserling, kēselinc, kīserlinc
Old Dutch: *kesal
- Middle Dutch: kesel, keisel, kijsel
  - Dutch: keizel
Old High German: chisil, kisil
- Middle High German: kisel
  - German: Kiesel
  - Luxembourgish: Kisel
  - → Middle Dutch: kiezel
    - Dutch: kiezel
  - → Swedish: kisel

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 204: “PWGmc *kisil”

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[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 204: “PWGmc *kisil”