Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gaʀdi

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gazdaz (“spike, goad”). Compare *gaʀd (“goad”).[1]

Noun

*gaʀdi f[2]

rod

Inflection

ī/jō-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*gaʀdi
Genitive	*gaʀdijā
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*gaʀdi	*gaʀdijō
Accusative	*gaʀdijā	*gaʀdijā
Genitive	*gaʀdijā	*gaʀdijō
Dative	*gaʀdijē	gaʀdijōm, gaʀdijum
Instrumental	*gaʀdiju	gaʀdijōm, gaʀdijum

Related terms

*gaʀd

Descendants

Old English: ġierd, ġird, ġyrd
- Middle English: ȝerde, yerde, yarde
  - English: yard
  - Scots: ȝerde, yerd, yeird, yeard, yaird
>? Old English: ġeard (possibly dissimilated in gender from Proto-West Germanic *gaʀd m)
Old Frisian: jerde
- North Frisian: jord, joard
- Saterland Frisian: Jädde, Jäd
Old Saxon: gerdia
- Middle Low German: gērde
Old Dutch: *gerda
- Middle Dutch: gerde, garde, gāerde
  - Dutch: garde
Old High German: gerta, gartea
- Middle High German: gerte
  - German: Gerte

References

van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “gard”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 242: “PWGmc *gazdi”

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[1] van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “gard”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

[2] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 242: “PWGmc *gazdi”