Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dīk

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *dīkaz.

Noun

*dīk m[1]

earthwork

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*dīk
Genitive	*dīkas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*dīk	dīkō, dīkōs
Accusative	*dīk	*dīkā
Genitive	*dīkas	*dīkō
Dative	*dīkē	*dīkum
Instrumental	*dīku	*dīkum

Descendants

Old English: dīċ[2]
- Middle English: dich
  - English: ditch (“trench, bank”)
>? Old English: dīc[3]
- Middle English: dic, dik (“trench, embankment”) (possibly influenced by or borrowed from Old Norse díki, Middle Dutch dijc)
  - Scots: dike, dyke
  - English: dike (“levee”)
Old Frisian: dīk
- North Frisian: dijck
- Saterland Frisian: Diek
- West Frisian: dyk
Old Saxon: dīk (“levee, pond”)
- Middle Low German: dîk
  - German Low German: Diek
  - → German: Deich (“dam”)
  - → Estonian: tiik (“pond”)
Old Dutch: dīc (“levee, wall”)[4]
- Middle Dutch: dijc
  - Dutch: dijk
  - → Old French: diic, dike
    - Middle French: digue
      - French: digue
      - → Irish: díog (“trench”)
Old High German: tīh (“dam”)
- Middle High German: tīch, dīch (“small dry valley, dam, pond”)[5][6] (influenced by Low German)
  - German: Teich (“pond”)
  - German: Deich (“dam”)[7]
  - Yiddish: טײַך (taykh, “river”)

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 210: “PWGmc (?) *dīk”
“dyke, noun.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, April 2024.
“ditch, noun.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, April 2024.
van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “dijk”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
Friedrich Kluge (1989) chapter 25, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 911: “Teich”
Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “Teich”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 2
Friedrich Kluge (1989) chapter 25, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 186: “Deich”

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 210: “PWGmc (?) *dīk”

[2] “dyke, noun.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, April 2024.

[3] “ditch, noun.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, April 2024.

[4] van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “dijk”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

[5] Friedrich Kluge (1989) chapter 25, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 911: “Teich”

[6] Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “Teich”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 2

[7] Friedrich Kluge (1989) chapter 25, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 186: “Deich”