Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/burg

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *burgz.

Noun

*burg f[1]

fortification
(fortified) city

Inflection

Consonant stem
	Singular
Nominative	*burg
Genitive	*burgi
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*burg	*burgi
Accusative	*burgu	*burgi
Genitive	*burgi	*burgō
Dative	*burgi	*burgum
Instrumental	*burgi	*burgum

Derived terms

Descendants

Old English: burg, burh
- Middle English: burgh
  - Scots: burch, burgh
  - English: borough, -borough, Brough, burg, bur-, burgh, bury (as in borough, manor), -bury
- → English: burh (learned)
Old Frisian: burch, burich
- Saterland Frisian: Buurich
- West Frisian: -boarg (in compounds)
Old Saxon: burg
- Middle Low German: borch
  - German Low German: Börg, Borg
Old Dutch: burg
- Middle Dutch: borch, burch
  - Dutch: burg, burcht
    - Afrikaans: burg
  - Limburgish: bórg, börch
Old High German: burg
- Middle High German: burc
  - German: Burg
  - Luxembourgish: Buerg
→ Late Latin: burgus (see there for further descendants)
- →? Albanian: burg
→ Old French: borc, burc
- Middle French: bourg
  - French: bourg

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 100: “PWGmc *burg”

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[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 100: “PWGmc *burg”