Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/biūtan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative forms

*būtan, *biūtini, *būtini

Etymology

From *bi- (unstressed variant of *bī) +‎ *ūtan, the accusative of *ūtō (“outside”).

Adverb

*biūtan

Preposition

*biūtan

(with accusative) out of, apart from, besides
(with dative) outside of
(with dative) without

Conjunction

*biūtan

(with subjunctive) unless, except

Related terms

*biinnan

Descendants

Old English: būtan, būton
- Middle English: buten, bouten, boute, bute, butte, botte, but, bot
  - English: but
  - Scots: but
Old Frisian: būta, bota
- Saterland Frisian: buute
- West Frisian: bûte, bûten
Old Saxon: biūtan, būtan, botan
- Middle Low German: bûten
  - German Low German: buten
Old Dutch: *biūtan, *būtan
- Middle Dutch: bûten
  - Dutch: buiten
Old High German: biūzan, būzan
- Middle High German: būzen
  - German: baußen (obsolete); bußen, baußen (Hessian dialectal)
  - Luxembourgish: baussen

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