Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yās

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

*yās

loss, damage, harm
shame

Declension

Declension of *yās

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*yās
Accusative	yāsnï, yāsïg ⁴⁾, *yāsnïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*yāsnïŋ
Dative	*yāska
Locative	*yāsda
Ablative	*yāsdan
Allative	*yāsgaru
Instrumental ²⁾	*yāsïn
Equative ²⁾	*yāsča
Similative ²⁾	*yāslayu
Comitative ²⁾	*yāslïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

In many daughter languages it was influenced by unrelated Arabic يَأْس (yaʔs).

Oghur:
- Chuvash: ҫос (śos)
  - → Hungarian: gyász
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: yas
  - Ottoman Turkish:
    - Turkish: yas
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (yas)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: [script needed] (yas)
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yas)

References

Nişanyan, Sevan (2015-03-05) “yas”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ya:s”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 973
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jās”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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