< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tepe

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

A variant *töpü formed at a very early date due to the vowels being rounded as a result of the neighboring labial consonant *p.

Noun

*tepe

  1. hill, top
  2. (anatomy) top of head

Declension
Declension of *tepe
Singular 3)
Nominative *tepe
Accusative *tepeni, *tepeg 4), *tepenig 1)
Genitive *tepeniŋ
Dative *tepeke
Locative *tepede
Ablative *tepeden
Allative *tepegerü
Instrumental 2) *tepen
Equative 2) *tepeče
Similative 2) *tepeleyü
Comitative 2) *tepeligü
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghur: *töpe/tüpe
    • Chuvash: тӳпе (tüp̬e, “sky; head”)
    • ⇒ Chuvash: тĕпек (tĕpek, “bangs”)
  • Common Turkic:
  • Arghu:
  • Oghuz: *tepe
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: təpə
      • Ottoman Turkish: تپه (tepe)
        • Turkish: tepe
        • → Armenian: թեփե (tʻepʻe), թափա (tʻapʻa)
        • → Bulgarian: тепе n (tepe)
        • → Greek: τεπέ n (tepé)
        • → Persian: تپه (tappe)
    • Turkmen: depe
    • → Bats: თეფ class jj (tep, “hill, hillock”)
  • Kipchak: *töbe
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: түбә (tübə)
      • Tatar: түбә (tübä)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: töpe, töbe
      • Karachay-Balkar: тёбе (töbe)
      • Kumyk: тёбе (töbe)
    • South Kipchak:
    • East Kipchak:
  • Karluk:
  • Siberian:
  • →⇒? Proto-Mongolic: *dexere (“top”)[1]

References
  1. Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)‎ (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 872, pages 450-452
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 436
  • Eren, Hasan (1999) “tepe”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 402
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tepe”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, pages 494, 505
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Nauka, pages 197-199
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*tepö/ *tepü”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 201
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