Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tüpkür-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *tüp- +‎ *-kür. The root either further related with Proto-Tungusic *tupi- (“to spit”) (whence also Nanai топин- (topin-)) (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?), or a widespread onotamopoetic.

Verb

*tüpkür-

(Common Turkic, intransitive) to spit
Synonym: *sud-

Derived terms

*tüpkürük (“saliva”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash:
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: tüpürmək, tüfürmək
    - Ottoman Turkish: توكورمك (tükürmek)
      - Turkish: tükürmek
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: tüýkürmek
  - Salar: tükürgüsi
Karluk:
- Uzbek: tupurmoq
- Uyghur: تۈكۈرمەك (tükürmek)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: төкөрөү (tököröw)
  - Tatar: төкерү (tökerü)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: tükürmek
  - Kumyk: тюкюрмек (tükürmek)
  - Karachay-Balkar: тюкюрюрге (tükürürge)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Southern Altai: тӱкӱрер (tükürer)
    - Teleut тӱкӱр (tükür-)
  - Kyrgyz: түкүрүү (tükürüü)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: түкиру (tükıru)
  - Kazakh: түкіру (tükıru)
  - Nogai: туькуьруьв (tükürüv)
Siberian:
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tofa: түккүр (tükkür-)
    - Tuvan: дүкпүр (dükpür), түкпүр (tükpür)
  - Yenisei:
    - Shor: тӱкӱр (tükür-)
    - Khakas: тӱкӱр (tükür)

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