< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kuńāĺ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *kün (“sun; day”) +‎ *(h)āĺ (“heat”). [1] Likely cognate and related to Proto-Turkic *küneĺ (“sun; sunny place”).

Noun

*kuńāĺ

  1. sun
    Synonym: *küneĺ
  2. the blazing heat of the (midday) sun

Declension
Declension of *kuńāĺ
Singular 3)
Nominative *kuńāĺ
Accusative *kuńāĺnï, *kuńāĺïg 4), *kuńāĺnïg 1)
Genitive *kuńāĺnïŋ
Dative *kuńāĺka
Locative *kuńāĺta
Ablative *kuńāĺtan
Allative *kuńāĺgaru
Instrumental 2) *kuńāĺïn
Equative 2) *kuńāĺča
Similative 2) *kuńāĺlayu
Comitative 2) *kuńāĺlïgu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: хӗвел (hĕvel, “sun”)
  • Common Turkic: *kuyāš
    • *čōgāš
      • *čōgāč (assimilated later)
        • North Siberian:
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: قُياشْ
      • Chagatai:
        • Uzbek: quyosh
        • Uyghur: قۇياش (quyash)
  • Kipchak:
    • Cuman: cuyas
      • Karaim: къуяш (quyaş)
      • Kumyk: кыяс (kıyas)
    • North Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Nogai: [script needed] (qıyaş)
        • Karakalpak: quyash
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Southern Altai: [script needed] (quyash)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (quyaš)
    • Northern Altai: куйаш (kuyaš)
    • North Siberian:
      • Dolgan: куньаас (kuńaas)
      • Yakut: куйаас (kuyaas)
    • South Siberian:
      • Yenisei:
        • Shor: қуйаш (quyaš)

References
  1. "On *p- and Other Proto-Turkic Consonants," by Orçun Ünal (Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Göttingen, Germany) page 13
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 679
  • Solak Sağlam, M. (2021). Ń (Ny) Sesinin Saha (Yakut) Türkçesindeki Kullanımı. Türkiyat Mecmuası, 31(1), 323-340.
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