< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/keŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*keŕ

  1. notch (of an arrow)
  2. aim (of a gun)

Declension
Declension of *keŕ
Singular 3)
Nominative *keŕ
Accusative *keŕni, *keŕig 4), *keŕnig 1)
Genitive *keŕniŋ
Dative *keŕke
Locative *keŕte
Ablative *keŕten
Allative *keŕgerü
Instrumental 2) *keŕin
Equative 2) *keŕče
Similative 2) *keŕleyü
Comitative 2) *keŕligü
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms
  • *kert- (“to cut a notch”)

Descendants
  • →? Mongolian: [script needed] (kerçi-)
  • Oghur:
  • Common Turkic:
  • Arghu:
    • Khalaj:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: كز (gez)
      • Azerbaijani: gəz, kərtmək
      • Ottoman Turkish: گز (gez)
        • Turkish: gez, kertmek
        • Gagauz: keez
    • Turkmen: gezlik, kertmek
    • → Persian: [script needed] (gâz)
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (kez), [script needed] (kertmek)
      • Chagatai:
        • ⇒ Uzbek: kertmoq
        • ⇒ Uyghur: [script needed] (kertik)
  • Kipchak: [script needed] (käz)
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: [script needed] (kiδe), [script needed] (kirtiv), [script needed] (kirt)
      • ⇒ Tatar: [script needed] (kirtü), [script needed] (kirt)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar:
      • Kumyk:
      • Karachay-Balkar:
      • Karaim:
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Karakalpak:
        • Kazakh: кез (kez), керту (kertu)
        • Nogai:
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Southern Altai: кертер (kerter)
        • ⇒ Kyrgyz: [script needed] (kertik)
        • ⇒ Southern Altai: кертик (kertik)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur:
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan:
        • Tuvan: кес (kes)
        • Tofa: [script needed] (kes)
      • Yenisei:
        • Khakas:
        • Shor:
        • Western Yugur:

References
    • Tekin, Talât. “Once More Zetacism and Sigmatism.” Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 23, no. 1/2, Harrassowitz Verlag, 1979, page 126.
    • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*geŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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