< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kamug
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
There have been two proposals for the etymology:
- A borrowing from Middle Persian hmʾk' (hamāg, “all”), it also has a secure PIE etymology and as such cannot be a Turkic or Mongolic borrowing. This would also explain the -a- instead of -u- seen in Old Turkic.
- A borrowing from Proto-Mongolic *kamug (“all”) from *kamu- (“to gather”) whence also *kamtu (“together”). Compare also Proto-Tungusic *kamur (“together”).
Declension
Declension of *kamug
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *kamug |
| Accusative | *kamugnï, *kamugug 4), *kamugnïg 1) |
| Genitive | *kamugnïŋ |
| Dative | *kamugka |
| Locative | *kamugda |
| Ablative | *kamugdan |
| Allative | *kamuggaru |
| Instrumental 2) | *kamugun |
| Equative 2) | *kamugča |
| Similative 2) | *kamuglayu |
| Comitative 2) | *kamuglugu |
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
Descendants
- Common Turkic:
References
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 627
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kamu”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 243
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 229
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