< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kagun

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Perhaps borrowed from Tibetan ག་གོན (ga gon, “melon, gourd”),[2] reduplicated borrowing from Old Mandarin 瓜 (kwa)[3] (compare borrowings Tibetan གོན (gon, “pumpkin”), Nusu [Term?] (/⁠ɣɔ⁠/, “pumpkin”), Dzongkha གོན (gon, “cucumber”), Classical Mongolian ᠭᠤᠧ᠎ᠠ (ɣuē-a)), though this has been disputed[1].

Noun

*kagun[4]

  1. melon, muskmelon, watermelon

Declension
Declension of *kagun
Singular 3)
Nominative *kagun
Accusative *kagunnï, *kagunug 4), *kagunnïg 1)
Genitive *kagunnïŋ
Dative *kagunka
Locative *kagunta
Ablative *kaguntan
Allative *kagungaru
Instrumental 2) *kagunun
Equative 2) *kagunča
Similative 2) *kagunlayu
Comitative 2) *kagunlugu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Karakhanid:[5][6]
    Arabic script: كاغُونْ (kāğūn) [1072 CE, Kashgari I], [script needed] (kāwūn) [13th c., ibn Muhannā]
    Old Uyghur: [script needed] (úağun /⁠kağun⁠/) [1070 CE, Kutadgu Bilig]
    • Chagatai: كاغين (qavun)
      • Uzbek: qovun
        • → Tajik: қавун (qavun)
      • Uyghur: قوغۇن (qoghun, “Hami melon”)
  • Kipchak:
    • East Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: коон (koon)
        • → Burushaski:
          Hunza: ġoón
          Yasin: ġaún
    • North Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak: qavun [14th c., Abū Ḥayyān][1]
      • Crimean Tatar: (“muskmelon”)
        Cyrillic script: къавн
        Latin script: qavn
      • Karaim: kavun (Lodz-Galician)
      • Karachay-Balkar: хауун (xauun)
      • Kumyk: къавун (qawun)
      • → Chuvash: кавӑн (kavăn, “pumpkin, squash”)
      • → Turkish: kavun (“muskmelon”)
      • Urum: хавун (havun)
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (kāwun) [13th c.], [script needed] (kawun) [14th c.], [script needed] (kowun) [15th c.][5]
      • Azerbaijani:
        Afashari: qawun, qaụn, qaụ̄n
        Azerbaijani: qovun
        Firuzabadi: ğowu·n
        Qalaye Farhad-Xani: ğa̬wn
        Qorwai: ğaun
        Sonqori: ğown
      • Gagauz: kaun (“muskmelon”)
      • Ottoman Turkish: قاون (kavun)
    • Turkmen: gawun
      • → Shina: [script needed] (gawún)
  • Siberian Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: (/⁠*qağun⁠/, “watermelon”)[5]
      Han script: [Term?] [14th c., Chin.-Uyğ. Dict.]
      Unspecified script: [8th c., Bud.]
      • Western Yugur:[4]
        Dahei: qʰuwïn
        Western Yugur: qɔïn, quïn, qɔn, qun, qawïn, qawun
        • → East Yugur: ġūn
      • → Late Middle Mongol: (/⁠*qawun⁠/, “melon, muskmelon”)
        Han script: 合溫 (qɔ̌-un) [1389 CE, Hua Yi yiyu]

References
  1. Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 139
  2. Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 157
  3. Uray, G. (1954) “Duplication, gemination, and triplication in Tibetan”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 4, number 1/3, →JSTOR
  4. Nugteren, Hans, Ross, Marti (1996) “Common Vocabulary of the Western and Eastern Yugur Languages: The Turkic and Mongolic Loanwords”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 49, number 1/2, Akadémiai Kiadó, →JSTOR
  5. Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ka:ğu:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page ğu:n
  6. The template Template:R:otk:DTS does not use the parameter(s): 
    2=406
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), “qaγun”, in Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka
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