Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ōyun

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Different sources give different etymologies:

Clauson suggets that it is from *ōy- (“to hollow”) +‎ *-un saying most Turkic games involved holes.
ESTJa and Räsänen suggest that it is from *oy- (“to jump”) +‎ *-un.
Nishanyan suggests a possible common root with *ōŕ- (“to win; to be saved”).

Noun

*ōyun

game

Declension

Declension of *ōyun

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*ōyun
Accusative	ōyunnï, ōyunug ⁴⁾, *ōyunnïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*ōyunnïŋ
Dative	*ōyunka
Locative	*ōyunta
Ablative	*ōyuntan
Allative	*ōyungaru
Instrumental ²⁾	*ōyunun
Equative ²⁾	*ōyunča
Similative ²⁾	*ōyunlayu
Comitative ²⁾	*ōyunlugu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *ōyun-a- (“to play”)
- ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *ōyna-ĺ (“lovers”)
- ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *ōyna-k (“plaything, moving thing”)

Descendants

Oghur: *ōyug
- Chuvash: вӑйӑ (văjă)
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Azerbaijani: oyun
    - → Khalaj: oyın
  - Ottoman Turkish: اویون (oyun)
    - Turkish: oyun
    - Gagauz: oyun
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: oýun
Karluk:
- Uzbek: o'yin
- Uyghur: ئويۇن (oyun)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: уйын (uyın)
  - Tatar: уен (uyen)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: oyun
  - Karachay-Balkar: оюн (oyun)
  - Kumyk: оюн (oyun)
- South Kipchak:
  - Nogai: ойын (oyın)
  - Karakalpak: oyın
  - Kazakh: ойын (oiyn)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: оюн (oyun)
  - Southern Altai: ойын (oyïn)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
  - Old Uyghur: wywn (oyun, “game, amusement”)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: оонньуу (oonnyuu)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tofa: оин (oin)
    - Tuvan: оюн (oyun)
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: ойын (oyın)
    - Shor: ойун (oyun)
  - Northern Altai: ойын (oyïn)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “oyun”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 274
Tekin, Talât (1995) “ōyun”, in Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler [Primary Long Vowels in Turkic Languages] (Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları Dizisi; 13)‎, Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 177
Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 435
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 359
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*oj-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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