< Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic

Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/e-

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Prefix

*e-

  1. not
    Synonym: *ā(n)-
  2. denotes negativity on verbs. [1]
    *e- → *esinbi (“I don't (present)”) (or *esībi ?)
    *e- → *ečinbi (“I didn't”) (or *ečēbi ?)
    *e- → *etēnbi (“I won't”)
    *e- → *eǯī (“Don't!”)
    *gada esinbi.
    I don't take [it].

Descendants
  • Tungusic:
    • North Tungusic:
      • Even: э- (ə-)
      • Evenki: э- (ə-), эмӣ (əmī)
      • Negidal: э- (e-)
      • Oroqen: ə-
      • Solon: e-
    • South Tungusic:
      • Central:
        • Oroch: э- (e-), эӡи (eʒi-)
        • Udihe: э- (e-), эйни (ejni)
      • South-Eastern:
        • Orok: э- (e-)
        • Ulch: эӡи (eʒi)

References
  1. Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 145-146
  • Cincius, V. I. (1977) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, page 432
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