< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sorka
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śárˀkāˀ. Cognate with Lithuanian šárka (“magpie”), Old Prussian sarke (“magpie”), Finnish harakka (“magpie”). Eventually connected with Russian со́рок (sórok, “forty”).[1]
The original form was *sorka, with non-etymological *-v- in some daughters introduced by analogy from *svьrčati (“to whistle”), possibly in order to avoid confusion with the (reflex of the) verb *sьrati (“to defecate”).
Declension
Declension of *sòrka (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *sòrka | *sòrcě | *sòrky |
| genitive | *sòrky | *sòrku | *sòrkъ |
| dative | *sòrcě | *sòrkama | *sòrkamъ |
| accusative | *sòrkǫ | *sòrcě | *sòrky |
| instrumental | *sòrkojǫ, *sòrkǭ** | *sòrkama | *sòrkamī |
| locative | *sòrcě | *sòrku | *sòrkasъ, *sòrkaxъ* |
| vocative | *sòrko | *sòrcě | *sòrky |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Alternative forms
Further reading
- Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 477
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сорока”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Gluhak, Alemko (1993) “Proto-Slavic/sorka”, in Hrvatski etimološki rječnik [Croatian Etymology Dictionary] (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: August Cesarec, →ISBN, page 601
Etymology 2
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian šar̃kas, švar̃kas (“jacket, coat”), Latvian svā̀rks (“skirt”) (-v- possibly is influence of švarùs (“clean”))
Declension
Declension of *sorka (hard a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *sorka | *sorcě | *sorky |
| genitive | *sorky | *sorku | *sorkъ |
| dative | *sorcě | *sorkama | *sorkamъ |
| accusative | *sorkǫ | *sorcě | *sorky |
| instrumental | *sorkojǫ, *sorkǫ** | *sorkama | *sorkami |
| locative | *sorcě | *sorku | *sorkasъ, *sorkaxъ* |
| vocative | *sorko | *sorcě | *sorky |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *sorčica
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сорочка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “сорочица, сорочька”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, сорочька column 467
References
- https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-russian/forty
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*svòrka; *sòrka”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 477: “f. ā (a) ‘magpie’”
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