< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gnětiti
 |
This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative forms
- *nětiti
Etymology
Unknown.
- Berneker: Proto-Indo-European *knoyt-, from the causative/iterative o-grade of *ken(h₁)- (“to scratch; scrape; rub”), thus from earlier *knětiti, connected to Old Prussian knaistis (“fuse (for burning)”), Old English *gnāst (“spark”) (from Proto-Germanic *ga- + Proto-Germanic *hnaistô (“spark”)). Further possible Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek κνῐ́ζω (knízō) and κνήθω (knḗthō) (both meaning "to scratch"), Latin cinis (“cold ash”), Ancient Greek κόνις (kónis, “dust, ash”), Sanskrit कण (kaṇa, “particle, small grain of dust or rice”).
- Boryś: probably a causative verb from *gnisti, but this verb is unattested. Old English gnidan as possible cognate. From Proto-Indo-European *gʰneytʰ- (“to rub”). Original meaning would be "rub wood on wood to ignite a fire".
Inflection
Conjugation of *gnětiti, *gněti, *gnětitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *gněťenьje | *gnětiti | *gnětitъ | *gnětilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *gněťenъ | *gnětimъ |
| Active | *gněťь | *gnětę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gnětixъ | *gněti | *gněti | *gněťǫ | *gnětiši | *gnětitь |
| Dual | *gnětixově | *gnětista | *gnětiste | *gnětivě | *gnětita | *gnětite |
| Plural | *gnětixomъ | *gnětiste | *gnětišę | *gnětimъ | *gnětite | *gnětętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gněťaaxъ | *gněťaaše | *gněťaaše | — | *gněti | *gněti |
| Dual | *gněťaaxově | *gněťaašeta | *gněťaašete | *gnětivě | *gnětita | — |
| Plural | *gněťaaxomъ | *gněťaašete | *gněťaaxǫ | *gnětimъ | *gnětite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*gnětivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: възгнѣтити (vŭzgnětiti)
- Church Slavonic (Russian recension): гнѣтити (gnětiti)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: није́тити
- Latin script: nijétiti
- Slovene: netīti (tonal orthography)
- ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: възгнѣтити (vŭzgnětiti)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “гнітити2”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 539
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “Proto-Slavic/gnětiti”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 359
References
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gnětiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 167
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “netīti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*gněti̋ti”
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.