< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gňiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰneyH- (given as *ǵʰn(e)iH- in Derksen, but the palatal *ǵ is likely a typo). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek χνίει (khníei, “(it) drizzles, (it) crumbles”) (Hesychius), Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną.

Verb

*gňìti impf[1][2][3]

  1. to rot

Inflection
Conjugation of *gňiti, *gňi, *gňьjetь (impf., intr., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*gňitьje *gňiti *gňitъ *gňilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive — —
Active *gňivъ *gňьję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *gňixъ*gňi*gňi *gňьjǫ*gňьješi*gňьjetь
Dual *gňixově*gňista*gňiste *gňьjevě*gňьjeta*gňьjete
Plural *gňixomъ*gňiste*gňišę *gňьjemъ*gňьjete*gňьjǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *gňьjaaxъ*gňьjaaše*gňьjaaše —*gňьji*gňьji
Dual *gňьjaaxově*gňьjaašeta*gňьjaašete *gňьjivě*gňьjita—
Plural *gňьjaaxomъ*gňьjaašete*gňьjaaxǫ *gňьjimъ*gňьjite—
Conjugation of *gňiti, *gňi, *gňьjetь (impf., intr., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*gňitьje *gňiti *gňitъ *gňilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive — —
Active *gňivъ *gňьję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *gňixъ*gňi*gňi *gňьjǫ*gňьješi*gňьjetь
Dual *gňixově*gňista*gňiste *gňьjevě*gňьjeta*gňьjete
Plural *gňixomъ*gňiste*gňišę *gňьjemъ*gňьjete*gňьjǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *gňьjaaxъ*gňьjaaše*gňьjaaše —*gňьji*gňьji
Dual *gňьjaaxově*gňьjaašeta*gňьjaašete *gňьjivě*gňьjita—
Plural *gňьjaaxomъ*gňьjaašete*gňьjaaxǫ *gňьjimъ*gňьjite—

Alternative forms
  • *gniti

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: гнити (gniti) (11th century)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: гниѭщии (gnijǫštii, “suppurating”, dat. fem. sg. pres. act. part.)
      Glagolitic: ⰃⰐⰋⰩⰛⰋⰋ (GNIJǫŠtII)
    • Bulgarian: гни́я (gníja)
    • Macedonian: гние (gnie)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: гњи̏ти
      Latin script: gnjȉti
    • Slovene: gníti (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Kashubian: gnic
    • Old Czech: hníti
    • Polish: gnić
    • Slovak: hniť
    • Slovincian: gnjic
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: hnić
      • Lower Sorbian: gniś

Further reading
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “гнить”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 195
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gniti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 176
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гнить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gņìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 169: “v. (a) ‘rot’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “gniti: gnijǫ gnijetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c rådne (SA 204, 234; PR 139)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016) “gníti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*gni̋ti, sed. *gnȋjǫ in *gnь̏jǫ”
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