< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byčati
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Onomatopoeic, parallel to *buka (“bang”), *bučati (“to roar”) with -u- vocalism and *bykati (Czech býkat, Bulgarian би́кам (bíkam)), *bykovati (Russian быкова́ть (bykovátʹ), Polish bykować) with -y- vocalism. Further akin to Lithuanian bucêt (“to sound, to buzz”), Latvian bùkti (“to neigh”).
Some of the meanings reflect denominative *bykъ (“bull”) + *-ěti = “to act as a bull” > “to ram, to jostle”.
Conjugation
Conjugation of *byčati, *byča, *byčitь (impf., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ěti
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *byčanьje | *byčati | *byčatъ | *byčalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *byčanъ | *byčimъ |
| Active | *byčavъ | *byčę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *byčaxъ | *byča | *byča | *byčǫ | *byčiši | *byčitь |
| Dual | *byčaxově | *byčasta | *byčaste | *byčivě | *byčita | *byčite |
| Plural | *byčaxomъ | *byčaste | *byčašę | *byčimъ | *byčite | *byčętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *byčaaxъ | *byčaaše | *byčaaše | — | *byči | *byči |
| Dual | *byčaaxově | *byčaašeta | *byčaašete | *byčivě | *byčita | — |
| Plural | *byčaaxomъ | *byčaašete | *byčaaxǫ | *byčimъ | *byčite | — |
Conjugation of *byčati, *byča, *byčajetь (impf., -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ěti
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *byčanьje | *byčati | *byčatъ | *byčalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *byčanъ | *byčajemъ |
| Active | *byčavъ | *byčaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *byčaxъ | *byča | *byča | *byčajǫ | *byčaješi | *byčajetь |
| Dual | *byčaxově | *byčasta | *byčaste | *byčajevě | *byčajeta | *byčajete |
| Plural | *byčaxomъ | *byčaste | *byčašę | *byčajemъ | *byčajete | *byčajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *byčaaxъ | *byčaaše | *byčaaše | — | *byčaji | *byčaji |
| Dual | *byčaaxově | *byčaašeta | *byčaašete | *byčajivě | *byčajita | — |
| Plural | *byčaaxomъ | *byčaašete | *byčaaxǫ | *byčajimъ | *byčajite | — |
Related terms
- *bykъ (“bull”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- ⇒ Ukrainian: биць-биць (bycʹ-bycʹ), бинь-бинь (bynʹ-bynʹ, “cattle's call”)
- ⇒ Ukrainian: бинча́ти (bynčáty), би́нькати (býnʹkaty, “to neigh, moan”) (of animal)
- ⇒ Ukrainian: биць-биць (bycʹ-bycʹ), бинь-бинь (bynʹ-bynʹ, “cattle's call”)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: би́ча (bíča), би́чкам (bíčkam, “to knock over, to trip”) (partially)
- West Slavic:
References
- František Št. Kott (1878) “byčeti”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: Josef Kolář, page 111
- František Št. Kott (1878) “bučeti”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: Josef Kolář, page 105
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “byczeć”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 242
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*byčati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 146
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “бича², бичкам, бична”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 51
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “бинькати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 184
- Anikin, A. E. (2011) “бы́каться”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 277
- “baukti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
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