< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bez(ъ)

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Continues Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe (instrumental particle) + Proto-Indo-European *-ǵʰs (“out”). Cognate with Lithuanian bè, Latvian bez, Old Prussian bhe, and likely Sanskrit बहिस् (bahís, “outside”). The first element is probably the same as that in Proto-Slavic *bo (“for”), Lithuanian bà (“really”), Ancient Greek φή (phḗ, “like, as”),[1] Avestan 𐬠𐬁 (bā, “indeed”).

Preposition

*bez(ъ)[2]

  1. (with genitive) without
    Antonyms: *sъ(n), *ba

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: безъ (bezŭ)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: без (bez)
      Glagolitic script: ⰱⰵⰸ (bez)
    • Bulgarian: без (bez)
    • Macedonian: без (bez)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: бѐз
      Latin script: bèz
    • Slovene: brez (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: bez
      • Czech: bez
        • Bohemian (Chod dialect): bez
    • Kashubian: bez
    • Old Polish: bez, beze
    • Slovak: bez
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: bjez
      • Lower Sorbian: bźez

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bez”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 7
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “без”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1565
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bez(ъ)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 38: “prep. ‘without’”
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