< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/a

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. According to the usual doctrine,[1] the initial form was *h₁ōd, ablative singular of the PIE demonstrative pronoun *éy, h₁e. However, that demonstrative has no such ablative singular attested in any of the daughter languages, so that hypothesis remains unprovable.

The same PIE proto-form could have also yielded Sanskrit आत् (ā́t, “so, then, afterwards”) and Avestan 𐬁𐬀𐬝 (āat̰, “afterwards, then”).

Conjunction

*a[1][2][3]

  1. but
  2. and
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: а (a)
      • Old Ruthenian: а (a)
        • Belarusian: а (a)
        • Carpathian Rusyn: а (a)
        • Ukrainian: а (a)
      • Russian: а (a) (see there for further descendants)
    • Old Novgorodian: а (a)[4]
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: а (a)
      Glagolitic script: ⰰ (a)
      • Bulgarian: а (a)
    • Macedonian: а (a)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: а
      Latin script: a
    • Slovene: a
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: a
      • Czech: a
    • Old Polish: a
      • Masurian: a
      • Polish: a
      • Silesian: a
    • Polabian: ă
    • Slovak: a
    • Pomeranian:
      • Kashubian: a
      • Slovincian: a
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: a
      • Lower Sorbian: a

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*a”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 25: “conj. ‘and, but’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “a”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “but, and (PR 146)”
  3. Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*a”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 33
  4. “а (letter no. 9)”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus] (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2024

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ā, from Proto-Indo-European *ā, ultimately a natural expression. Compare Lithuanian à, Latin ā, Ancient Greek ἆ (â), Sanskrit अ (a). Although the Proto-Indo-European form is reconstructed, this interjection could arise at any stage.

Interjection

*a[1][2]

  1. Used to express emotions like surprise, pain, displeasure, disapproval; ah!
Derived terms
  • >? Proto-Slavic: *axъ (inherited)
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: а (a)
      • Old Ruthenian: а (a)
        • Belarusian: а (a)
        • Carpathian Rusyn: а (a)
        • Ukrainian: а (a)
      • Russian: а (a) (see there for further descendants)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: а (a)
      Glagolitic script: ⰰ (a)
    • Bulgarian: а (a)
    • Macedonian: а (a)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: а
      Latin script: a
    • Slovene: a
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: a
      • Czech: a
    • Old Polish: a
      • Masurian: a
      • Polish: a
      • Silesian: a
    • Pomeranian:
      • Kashubian: a
      • Slovincian: a
    • Slovak: a
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: a
      • Lower Sorbian: a

References
  1. Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “a!”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 145
  2. Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “a!”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 17
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