Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/glaŋ

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology 1

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *glaŋ (Matisoff, STEDT)

Noun

*glaŋ

ox
elephant

Descendants

Tibeto-Burman
- Sal
  - Bodo-Garo
    - Kokborok: bɔ-lɔʔ (“ox”)
  - Jingpho-Luish
    - Jingpho: wă⁵⁵ loŋ⁵¹ (“cowshed”)
Himalayish
- Tibeto-Kanauri
  - Western Himalayish
  - Bodic
    - Tshangla: laŋ (“ox”)
    - Tibetan
      - Written Tibetan: གླང (glang, “ox”)
    - Lepcha
      - Lepcha: lóng (“ox”)
Qiangic
- Gyalrongic
  - Tangut: [script needed] (khjwar, “old ox”)
  - Horpa: ʁloŋ (lu) (“year of the ox”)
- Guiqiong: lɑ̃⁵⁵ (“year of the ox”)
- Ersu: laŋ⁵³ (lu̵⁵³) (“year of the ox”)
- Muya: lɑ⁵³ (ɣu²⁴) (“year of the ox”)
- Northern Pumi: lɑ̃⁵⁵ (“year of the ox”)
Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
- Lolo-Burmese
  - Loloish
    - Northern Loloish
      - Nuosu: ꇌ (le, “ox”)
      - Lisu: la²¹ næ³³ (“black ox”)
Karenic
- S'gaw Karen: [script needed] (glɔ³¹, “year of the ox”)

Etymology 2

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *glaŋ (Matisoff, STEDT)

Noun

*glaŋ

Descendants

Old Chinese: 楊／杨 (yáng) /*laŋ/ (B-S & ZS)
- Middle Chinese: 楊／杨 (yáng) /jɨɐŋ/
  - Modern Mandarin
    - Beijing: 楊／杨 (yáng), 杨 (yáng, /i̯ɑŋ³⁵/, “poplar”)
  - Yue
    - Cantonese: 楊／杨 (yáng), 杨 (/jœːŋ²¹/, “poplar”)
- Min Nan
  - Xiamen: 楊／杨 (yáng), 杨 (/iũ²⁴/, “poplar”)
  - Zhangzhou: 楊／杨 (yáng), 杨 (/iõ¹³/, “poplar”)
Himalayish
- Tibeto-Kanauri
  - Bodic
    - Tibetan
      - Written Tibetan: ལྕང་མ (lcang ma, “willow”)

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