< Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic
Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/naḥaš-
Proto-Semitic
Etymology
Perhaps prefixed from a term which is reconstructible for East Cushitic, Somali yexaas (“crocodile”).
Inflection
Declension of *naḥaš-
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *naḥašum | *naḥašāna | plural stem + *-ūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | *naḥašim | *naḥašayna | plural stem + *-īna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | *naḥašam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1st person | *naḥašī / *naḥašVya | — | *naḥašVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person m | *naḥašVka | *naḥašVkumā / *naḥašVkumay | *naḥašVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person f | *naḥašVki | *naḥašVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person m | *naḥašVšu | *naḥašVšumā / *naḥašVšumay | *naḥašVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person f | *naḥašVša | *naḥašVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *naḥašuya for nom. case, *naḥašiya for gen. case, *naḥašaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *naḥaš-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *naḥaš-
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Descendants
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒌨𒈤 (nēšum, “lion”)
- West Semitic: “snake”, probably a cobra by comparison of its hood to the lion’s mane
- Central Semitic:
- Arabic: حَنَش (ḥanaš), from older *نَحَش (*naḥaš) with irregular ش (š) due to imitation or dissimilation pressure; a regular reflex for “lion” is also transmitted, as نَهَّاس (nahhās), نَهُوس (nahūs), مِنْهَس (minhas)
- Northwest Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
References
- Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 210–211 Nr. 159
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