Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥargil-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Alternative reconstructions

*ḥargal-

Noun

*ḥargil- m

locust
Synonym: *ʔirbay-

Inflection

Declension of *ḥargil-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*ḥargilum

*ḥargilāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*ḥargilim

*ḥargilayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*ḥargilam

possessive forms

1st person

*ḥargilī / *ḥargilVya

—

*ḥargilVni

2nd person m

*ḥargilVka

*ḥargilVkumā / *ḥargilVkumay

*ḥargilVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*ḥargilVki

*ḥargilVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*ḥargilVšu

*ḥargilVšumā / *ḥargilVšumay

*ḥargilVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*ḥargilVša

*ḥargilVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḥargiluya for nom. case, *ḥargiliya for gen. case, *ḥargilaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ḥargil-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḥargiluka	*ḥargilāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*ḥargilika	*ḥargilayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*ḥargilaka	*ḥargilayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ḥargil-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḥargiluki	*ḥargilāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*ḥargiliki	*ḥargilayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*ḥargilaki	*ḥargilayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒉅𒅕𒄀𒈝 (ergilum)
  - → Sumerian: 𒉅𒅕𒄀𒈝 (^buru₅ir-gi-lum /⁠irgilum⁠/)
- Eblaite: 𒅕𒄀𒈝 (ir-gi-lum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic
  - Arabic: حَرْجَل (ḥarjal)
- Northwest Semitic:
  - Aramaic:
    - Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܚܲܪܓܘܼܠ (ḥargul)
    - Classical Syriac: ܚܪܓܠܐ (ḥargālā, ḥargəlā)
      - → Old Armenian: խարագուլ (xaragul)
    - Jewish Literary Aramaic: חַרְגְּלָא (ḥargəlā) (Hebraizing variant in the same locus חַרְגֹּלָא (ḥargōlā))
  - Canaanite:
    - Hebrew: חַרְגּוֹל (khargól, ḥargôl)
- Old South Arabian:
  - Sabaean: 𐩲𐩧𐩴𐩡 (ʿrgl)

References

Nöldeke, Theodor (1904) Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 89
Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2000) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volumes I: Anatomy of Man and Animals, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 142–143, Nr. 103
Sima, Alexander (2000) Tiere, Pflanzen, Steine und Metalle in den altsüdarabischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 31–33

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