Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥamaṣ́-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Perhaps *ḥamṣ́- (“sour”) is the original of this root.

Verb

*ḥamaṣ́-

to be or become sour, to be acid to the taste sense

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/ḥamaṣ́- (paʕala)

		singular				dual			plural
verbal noun					*ḥamṣ́-
active participle					*ḥāmiṣ́-
passive participle					ḥamīṣ́-, ḥamūṣ́-
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
perfect	m	*ḥamaṣ́ku	*ḥamaṣ́ka	*ḥamaṣ́a		*ḥamaṣ́kayā	*ḥamaṣ́kā	*ḥamaṣ́ā	*ḥamaṣ́na	*ḥamaṣ́kanu	*ḥamaṣ́ū
perfect	f	*ḥamaṣ́ku	*ḥamaṣ́ki	*ḥamaṣ́at		*ḥamaṣ́kayā	*ḥamaṣ́kā	*ḥamaṣ́atā	*ḥamaṣ́na	*ḥamaṣ́kina	*ḥamaṣ́ā

imperfect	m	*ʔaḥmiṣ́	*taḥmiṣ́	*yiḥmiṣ́			*taḥmiṣ́ā	*yaḥmiṣ́ā	*niḥmiṣ́	*taḥmiṣ́ū	*yiḥmiṣ́ū
imperfect	f	*ʔaḥmiṣ́	*taḥmiṣ́ī	*taḥmiṣ́			*taḥmiṣ́ā	*taḥmiṣ́ā	*niḥmiṣ́	*taḥmiṣ́ā	*yiḥmiṣ́ā

imperative	m		*ḥamiṣ́				*ḥamiṣ́ā			*ḥamiṣ́ū
imperative	f		*ḥamiṣ́ī				*ḥamiṣ́ā			*ḥamiṣ́ā

Related terms

*ḥāmiṣ́- (“sour”, active participle)
*ḥamīṣ́- (“sour”, passive participle)
*ḥamṣ́- (“sour”)
*ḥammiṣ́- (“to make sour, to acidify”)

Descendants

West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: حَمُضَ (ḥamuḍa), حَمِضَ (ḥamiḍa)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      - Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: חֲמַע
      - Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܚܡܰܥ
      - Jewish Literary Aramaic: חֲמַע (ḥămaʿ)
      - Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: חֳמַץ (ḥămaṣ)
      - Classical Syriac: ܚܡܰܥ (ḥəmaʿ), ܚܡܰܨ (ḥəmaṣ)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎈𐎎𐎕 (ḥmṣ /⁠ḥamaṣa⁠/)

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