< Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic
Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔarway-
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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Semitic
Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic *rVw- (“predator; usually large feliforms”). Cognate with Egyptian
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(rw, “lion”), Nefusa wär (“lion”), Zenaga war (“lion”), Somali aar (“lion”), Proto-Central Chadic *ruw- (“hyena, wild cat”), Mubi ʔórúwà (“lion”) and Tumak ǝ̄rǝ̄w (“leopard”).
Inflection
Declension of *ʔarway-
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ʔarwayum | *ʔarwayāna | plural stem + *-ūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | *ʔarwayim | *ʔarwayayna | plural stem + *-īna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | *ʔarwayam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st person | *ʔarwayī / *ʔarwayVya | — | *ʔarwayVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person m | *ʔarwayVka | *ʔarwayVkumā / *ʔarwayVkumay | *ʔarwayVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person f | *ʔarwayVki | *ʔarwayVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person m | *ʔarwayVšu | *ʔarwayVšumā / *ʔarwayVšumay | *ʔarwayVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person f | *ʔarwayVša | *ʔarwayVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔarwayuya for nom. case, *ʔarwayiya for gen. case, *ʔarwayaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʔarway-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʔarway-
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Descendants
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒀉𒄷 (arûm, “eagle, bird of prey”)
- West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
- Ethiopian Semitic:
- →? Old Armenian: առիւծ (aṙiwc)
Further reading
- Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 24–26
- Olmo Lete, Gregorio del with Sanmartín, Joaquín and Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2015) “ảrw”, in A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 112), 3rd edition, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 107
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