< Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan

Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/pi

This Proto-Ryukyuan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Ryukyuan

Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *pi (“day”).

Noun

*pi

  1. day
Descendants
  • Northern Ryukyuan:
    • Kikai: 日 (pī)
    • Kunigami: 日 (pī)
    • Northern Amami-Oshima: 日 (hi)
    • Okinawan: 日 (fī)
    • Oki-No-Erabu: 日 (hī)
    • Southern Amami-Oshima: 日 (hī)
    • Toku-No-Shima: 日 (hī)
    • Yoron: 日 (pī)
  • Southern Ryukyuan:
    • Miyako: 日 (psïï)
    • Yaeyama: 日 (psïï)
    • Yonaguni: 日 (chī)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Japonic *poy (“fire”).

Noun

*pi

  1. fire
    Synonym: *Omatu
Descendants
  • Northern Ryukyuan:
    • Kunigami: 火 (pī)
    • Northern Amami-Oshima: 火 (hi) (in compounds)
    • Okinawan: 火 (fī, hī)
    • Southern Amami-Oshima: 火 (hī)
    • Yoron: 火 (pi) (in compounds)
  • Southern Ryukyuan:
    • Miyako: 火 (psïï)
    • Yaeyama: 火 (pïï)
    • Yonaguni: 火 (chī)

Etymology 3

Speculatively connected to Old Japanese ほと (poto₂, “vagina”). However, if the hypothesis that the Kojiki and some parts of the Nihon Shoki preserve the A/B distinction of po, it is that po is consistently spelled as 富 <po2>, not 本 <po1>. In this case, the vowels cannot be reconciled phonetically. See also Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b(j)at (“vulva”).

According to Nakasone (1983, 506), forms with a mid-back vowel Yoron ぽー (pō, tone class C), Kunigami ぽー (phō, tone class C), Okinawan ほー (hō, tone class BC), are derived from the following process: poo < powo < poɸo < popo, implying they sprung from a different root with the same initial p-.

Pronunciation
  • Tone class: A

Noun

*pi

  1. vulva
Descendants
  • Northern Ryukyuan:
    • Northern Amami-Oshima:
      • Yamatohama: ひー (hī)
    • Oki-No-Erabu:
      • China: びーび (tone class A)
      • Wadomari: びーび (tone class A)
  • Southern Ryukyuan:
    • Miyako:
      • Hirara: ぴぃ゚すぃ゚ (pɿsɿ)
    • Yaeyama::
      • Ishigaki: ぴし (pishi) (irregular tone <LH>)
    • Yonaguni: ひー (hī) (tone class A)

References
  • Thorpe, Maner Lawton (1983) Ryūkyūan Language History‎, Doctoral dissertation. University of Southern California, page 276
  • Thorpe, Maner Lawton (1983) Ryūkyūan Language History‎, Doctoral dissertation. University of Southern California, page 286
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