Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/buŋa

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *buŋa (“flower, blossom”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /buŋa/

Noun

*buŋa

flower (reproductive structure in angiosperms)

Descendants

Proto-Philippine: *buŋa
- Proto-Northern Luzon
  - Dupaningan Agta: bunga (“fruit”)
  - Ilocano: bunga (“fruit”)
- Proto-Central Cordilleran
  - Limos Kalinga: bunga (“fruit”)
  - Lubuagan Kalinga: bunga (“fruit”)
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Bikol Central: bunga (“fruit”)
    - Tagalog: bunga (“fruit; result; areca”)
    - Proto-Bisayan
      - Cebuano: bunga (“fruit; nut; a yield; an offspring”)
      - Tausug: bunga (“fruit”)
Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
  - Balinese: ᬩᬸᬗ (bunga, “flower; interest (finance)”)
  - Sasak: ᬩᬸᬗ (bunga)
- Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
  - Proto-Malayic:
    - Brunei Malay: bunga (“flower; interest (finance)”)
    - Iban: bungai (“flower”)
    - Malay: bunga (“flower”)
      - Indonesian: bunga (“flower; interest (finance)”)
    - Minangkabau: bungo (“flower”)
Old Javanese: woṅa (“flower”), wuṅa (“flower”)
Palauan: bung
Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Oceanic: *puŋa (“flower; bossom”)
    - Proto-Polynesian:
      - Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
        Samoan: fuga (“flower”)
        
        Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
        Maori: pua (“to bloom, foaming, flower”)
        
        Hawaiian: pua (“flower”)
        
        Rapa Nui: pua (“flower”)
        
        Tahitian: pua (“flower”)
North Bornean
- Southwest Sabahan
  - Central Dusun: bunga (“flower”)
Barrier Islands–Batak
- Nias: bunga
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *buŋa ni batu (“coral sponge, lit. 'stone bloom'”)
- Proto-Oceanic: *buŋa (“white, porous coral or growth”)
  - Fijian: vuga
    - Proto-Polynesian: *puŋa (“coral rock”)
      - Tongan: punga (“coral”)
      - Samoan: puga (“coral”)
      - Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
        Tahitian: puʻa (“coral, lime”)
        
        Maori: punga (“coral, anchor”), pungapunga (“pumice”),
        
        Hawaiian: puna (“coral, lime, calcium”)