Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/ḳaṗ-

*ḳaṗ-

1. chin

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Georgian: (Fereydan) კაპი (ḳaṗi), ⇒ კაპუნი (ḳaṗuni, “to chatter”)
• ⇒ Svan: კაპრა̈ჲ (ḳaṗräy)

• ⇒ Proto-Kartvelian: *ni-ḳaṗ-
  • Proto-Georgian-Zan:
    • Old Georgian: ნიკაპი (niḳaṗi)
  • ⇒ Svan: ნიკპა (niḳṗa), ნიპკა (niṗḳa), ნიკბა (niḳba)

• *q̇ab- (“jaw”)

• Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 85–86
• Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, pages 358–359
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 220–221

Uncertain, based on vocalism between cognates Proto-Kartvelian is reconstructible. See Persian گوپال (gupâl, “club, cudgel, mace”) for more external comparisons.

*ḳaṗ-

1. stick
2. pole, post

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • ⇒? Georgian: კაპი (ḳaṗi, “stick, tree branch; hook”), კაპალი (ḳaṗali)
  • Zan:
    • ⇒? Laz: კოპალი (ǩop̌ali, “tree branch; cudgel, mace, club”)
    • ⇒? Mingrelian: კოპული (ḳoṗuli, “arrow”)
• >? Svan: კა̈პ (ḳäṗ, “pole, post; support; stick; bifurcated (tree branch, tree)”), კა̈მპ (ḳämṗ), კაპ (ḳaṗ)

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կապ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 520b, derives Georgian კაპი (ḳaṗi) from Armenian կապ (kap)
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 221
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 86
• Čuxua, Merab (2000–2003) Kartvelur ena-ḳilota šedarebiti leksiḳoni [The Kartvelian Comparative Dictionary] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Universali, page 120
• Ḳelauraʒe, Levan (2020) “Damaṭebani kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳonisatvis - VII [Addenda to Etymological Dictionary of Kartvelian Languages - VII]”, in Eṭimologiuri ʒiebani (in Georgian), volume XVII, Tbilisi: Dedaena, page 26 of 23–33, links Georgian კომბალი (ḳombali) with Svan ყუ̂ა̈მბა̈ლ (q̇ûämbäl), ჯიჰრა̄ კუ̂აბალ (ǯihrā ḳûabal)