Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/ʒ₁um-

• *ʒ₁m(u)- (Klimov)
• *ʒ₁am- (Čuxua)

*ʒ₁um- (Fähnrich–Sarǯvelaʒe)

1. salt

• ⇒ Proto-Kartvelian: *ʒ₁um-ar- (“vinegar”) (see there for further descendants)

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Zan:
    • ⇒ Laz: ნჯუმუ (ncumu, “salt”), მჯუმუ (mcumu); ჯუმუ (cumu), ნჯუმონი (ncumoni, “salty”)
    • ⇒ Mingrelian: ჯიმუ (ǯimu, “salt”), ჯიმოლუა (ǯimolua, “to salt”), ჯიმოლირი (ǯimoliri, “salted”)
• ⇒ Svan: ჯჷმ (ǯəm), მჷჯიმ (məǯim, “salty”)

• Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, pages 631–632
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 611–612
• Klimov, G. A. (1964) Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 239, notes similarity with Northwest Caucasian and Northeast Caucasian
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 289–290
• Čuxua, Merab (2000–2003) Kartvelur ena-ḳilota šedarebiti leksiḳoni [The Kartvelian Comparative Dictionary] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Universali, pages 417–418