< Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic

Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/ninka

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Adjective

*ninka

  1. bitter

Descendants
  • Japanese: 苦い (nigai)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *niga
    • Northern Ryukyuan: 리가사 (/ri.ka.sa/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)
      • Kikai: 苦さい (nyāsai)
      • Kunigami: 苦ーせん (zāsen)
      • Northern Amami-Oshima: 苦さり (nigyasari)
      • Okinawan: 苦さん (njasan)
      • Oki-No-Erabu: 苦さん (nigyasan)
      • Southern Amami-Oshima: 苦ーさむっ (nigyāsam)
      • Toku-No-Shima: 苦ーい (ingyāi)
      • Yoron: 苦さん (ninjasan)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: 苦 (ngya)
      • Yaeyama: 苦さん (ngasan)
      • Yonaguni: 苦ん (ndan)

References
    • Martin, Samuel E. (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 837
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