< Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic

Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kimi

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Pronunciation
  • Accent class: 2.5b

Noun

*kimi

  1. millet
  2. proso millet

Descendants
  • Old Japanese: 黍 (ki1mi1)
    • Japanese: 黍 (kibi, Heian LF, Tokyo 1 [HL(L)], Kyoto 1:25 [LF ~ LH(L)] (the same accent applies for the original kimi reading, with the exception of Tokyo and Kagoshima, which does not have accent information[1]),[2] Kagoshima B [LH(L)][3])
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *kimi (tone class B)
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • ⇒ Kunigami: 唐黍 (thōjimī /⁠tʰòːdʑìmíː⁠/) (< *tau-gimi)
      • ⇒ Northern Amami-Oshima: 唐の黍 (θonokin) (< *tau-no-kimi)
      • ⇒ Okinawan: 真黍 (mājin /⁠máːdʑìŋ⁠/), 唐ぬ黍 (tōnuchin /⁠tòːnùtɕìŋ⁠/) (< *ma-gimi, *tau-no-kimi)
      • Oki-No-Erabu: 黍 (kimī /⁠kìmǐː⁠/), ⇒ 唐黍 (tōjini /⁠tòːdʑìní⁠/) (< *kimi, *tau-gimi)
      • Southern Amami-Oshima: 黍 (kimi /⁠kìmìˑ⁠/)
      • Toku-No-Shima: 黍 (kimi /⁠kìmî⁠/), ⇒ 唐黍 (tōgin /⁠tòːgɪ́ŋ⁠/) (< *kimi, *tau-gimi)
      • ⇒ Yoron: 唐黍 (tōgin /⁠tòːgǐŋ⁠/) (< *tau-gimi)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: 黍 (ksïm)
      • Yaeyama: 黍 (kïn /⁠kɨ́ŋ⁠/)
      • ⇒ Yonaguni: 黍 (chinti /⁠tɕǐntî⁠/), 高黍 (tagachin /⁠tàgátɕîŋ⁠/) (< *kimi-[si ~ tE], *taka-kimi)

References
  1. “きみ 【黍・稷】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  2. “きび 【黍・稷】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  3. Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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