< Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic

Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kara

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
 This Proto-Japonic entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Japonic

Noun

*kara

  1. lineage, origin[1]
  2. course, way[2]

Descendants

In all of its descendants, the term has also evolved into an ablative marker meaning "from".

Noun

*kara

  1. shell; hollow place

Descendants
  • Old Japanese: から (kara, “shell”) (voiced hapax)
    • Japanese: 殻, 骸 (kara, “shell”), 空, 虚 (kara, “empty”)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *kara (“empty”), *-gara (“shell”)
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Kunigami: 殻, 骸 (-garā, “shell”), 空, 虚 (harā, “empty”)
      • Northern Amami-Oshima: 殻, 骸 (-gara, “shell”), 空, 虚 (xara, “empty”)
      • Okinawan: 殻, 骸 (-gara, “shell”), 空, 虚 (kara, “empty”)
      • Southern Amami-Oshima: 空, 虚 (kara, “empty”)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: 空, 虚 (kara-, “empty”)
      • Yaeyama: 空, 虚 (kara-, “empty”)

Adjective

*kara

  1. sharp of flavor
    1. salty
    2. spicy
    3. strong (of alcohol)
  2. harsh

Descendants
  • Old Japanese: 辛, 苛, 鹹 (kara)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *kara
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Kunigami: 辛ーせん, 苛ーせん, 鹹ーせん (harāsen)
      • Northern Amami-Oshima: 辛さり, 苛さり, 鹹さり (xarasari)
      • Okinawan: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)
      • Toku-No-Shima: 辛さい, 苛さい, 鹹さい (karasai)
      • Yoron: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (harasan)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: 辛, 苛, 鹹 (kara)
      • Yaeyama: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)
      • Yonaguni: 辛ん, 苛ん, 鹹ん (karan)

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Bjarke Frellesvig ((Can we date this quote?)) “Old Japanese Particles”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.