< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/r̥Hdwáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *r̥Hdʰwás.

Adjective

*r̥Hdwáh

  1. high, upright

Descendants
  • Central Iranian
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬡𐬀 (ərəδβa)
  • Northeastern Iranian
    • Ossetian: уырды́г (wyrdýg) (<* Hr̥dwaka-)
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (ulä)
    • Khwarezmian: ارذبک (ʾrδbk /⁠*ərδβē⁠/)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: hil-, hel-
      Central Kurdish: ھەڵ- (hell-)
      Southern Kurdish: ئەڵ- (ell-), ھەڵ- (hell-)
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
      • Kermanic:
        • Natanzi: ار (or)
        • Zoroastrian Dari: ور (vor, “upward”)
      • Zaza-Gorani
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠ul⁠/, “up(wards)”) (used as single word or profix)
      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭫𐭠𐭫𐭠 (LALA)
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫇𐫓 (ʾwl)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (LALA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwl)
      Pazend script: 𐬎𐬮 (ul), 𐬬𐬀𐬮 (val)
      • Classical Persian: ال (ul, “up”) (only used in Zoroastrian texts and as single word or profix)
    • Southwestern Fars:
      • Old Kazeruni: ال (al-, “up-”) (only used as profix; e.g. الستدین (alistadīn, “to wake up, stand up”)) [1]

References
  1. Adib Tusi, M.A., 1381 AP / 2002 AD. Lahjeye Kâzeruniye qadim, Kâzeruniye. (in Persian)
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