< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cyaHwáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćyaHwás.

Adjective

*cyaHwáh[1][2]

  1. black-brown, dark brown, dark

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀 (siiāuua)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian:
      • Old Ossetic:
        Sarmatian: Σαυρομάτοι (Sauromátoi)
      • Proto-Saka:
        • Khotanese: [script needed] (śāva)
        • Wakhi: [script needed] (šыw)
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (sʾw /⁠sāw⁠/)
      • Proto-Sogdic:
        • Sogdian: [script needed] (šʾw), [script needed] (šw /⁠šāw⁠/)
        • Yagnobi: šōw
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (ṣ̌u), [script needed] (su)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *siyāwə́h
      • Parthian:
        Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫏𐫀𐫇 (syʾw /⁠syāw⁠/)
        • → Old Armenian: սեաւ (seaw) (see there for further descendants)
        • → Middle Persian:
          Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫏𐫀𐫇 (syʾw /⁠syāw⁠/)
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (sydʾ /⁠syā⁠/)
          • Classical Persian: سیاه (siyāh)
            Hazaragi: [script needed] (siyā), [script needed] (siyō)
            Iranian Persian: سیاه (siyâh)
            Tajik: сиёҳ (siyoh)
      • Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
        • Gurani: سیاۋ(ە) (siyāʋ(a))
        • Zazaki: sya (syā)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: [script needed] (*šyāva) ~ [script needed] (*θyāva)[3]
      • → Elamite: 𒅆𒅀𒈠 (ši-ia-ma), 𒋾𒅀𒈠 (ti-ia-ma)
      • Lurish:
        • Northern Luri: سؽ (sê)
          Nahavandi: سی (si)
          Balagariveh: سیاْ (sya)
        • Bakhtiari: ساْ (sa)
        • Southern Luri: سهو (seho)
      • → Old Georgian: შავი (šavi)

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  2. Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 204
  3. Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 14
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