< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HwiHcati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwiHćati.

Numeral

*HwiHcati[1][2]

  1. twenty

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (vīsaiti)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian:
      • Old Ossetic: *insæǰ,[3] *insædʸ[4]
        Sarmatian: Ἰνσάζ
        • Ossetian:
          Digor Ossetian: инсӕй (insæj)
          Iron Ossetian: ссӕ́дз (ssǽʒ)
      • Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *wisatä
        • Proto-Saka:
          • Khotanese: [script needed] (bistä)
          • Tumshuqese: [script needed] (bista)
        • Wakhi: wist
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: οιστο (oisto /⁠wī̆st⁠/)
      • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʼwsy̆c /⁠əws(e)ʒ/, /ūs(e)ʒ⁠/)
      • Proto-Sogdic:
        • Sogdian: [Syriac needed] (wysṯ /⁠wīst⁠/)
        • Yagnobi: bī̆st
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Sanglechi: [script needed] (wišt)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
      • Yidgha: [script needed] (wisto)
      • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
        • Sarikoli: vist
        • Yazghulami: в̌аст (wast)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: بیست (bīst), گیست (gīst)
    • Mazanderani: [script needed] (bist)
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: bîst
      Central Kurdish: بیست (bîst)
      Southern Kurdish: بیس (bîs)
    • Middle Median: *vīst
      • Sivandi: vīs
      • Southern Tati: vist
    • Parthian: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤 (wyst /⁠wīst⁠/)
    • Sangisari: vist
    • Zaza-Gorani:
      Gurani: ۋیس (ʋīs)
      Zazaki: vist
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠wīst⁠/)[5]
      Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤 (wyst)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wyst')

References
  1. Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 170
  2. Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 136
  3. Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎ (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
  4. Kim, Ronald I. (2007) “Two problems of Ossetic nominal morphology”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies and Historical Linguistics‎, volume 112, →DOI, →ISSN, page 62
  5. MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “wīst”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
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