< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hr̥táHwāh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥táHwāns. Equivalent to *Hr̥táH (“truth”) +‎ *-wāh. Cognate with Sanskrit ऋतावन् (ṛtā́van).[1]

Adjective

*Hr̥táHwāh

  1. truthful, righteous

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬀𐬴𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥 (aṣ̌auuan)
      • → Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾšwn' /⁠ašawan⁠/)
      • → Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾšwk' /⁠ašō⁠/, “righteous”)
        • Classical Persian: اشو (ašō, “Saint”)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Parthian: (/⁠ardāw⁠/, “justice, righteousness; community of the righteous”)
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫡𐫅𐫀𐫇 (ʾrdʾw)
      Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭀𐭓𐭕𐭀𐭅 (ʾrtʾw)
      • → Middle Persian: 𐫀𐫡𐫅𐫀𐫇 (ʾrdʾw /⁠ardāw⁠/)
      • → Sogdian: (/⁠artāw⁠/, “electus, righteous, faithful”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫡𐫤𐫀𐫇 (ʾrtʾw)
        Sogdian script: 𐼰𐽀𐽂𐼰𐼴 (ʾrtʾw)
        Syriac script: ܐܪܬܐܘ (ʾrtʾw)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎠𐎺𐎠 (a-r-t-a-v-a /⁠r̥tāvāʰ⁠/)
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠ahlaw⁠/, “righteous”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫍𐫓𐫇 (ʾhlw)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾhlwb')
        • Classical Persian: اهلبوب (ahlabōb)

References
  1. Martínez García, Javier, de Vaan, Michiel (2014) Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1)‎, Brill, →ISBN, page 51: “Skt. r̥tā́van-, OP ạrtāvā < *r̥tā́u̯an-”
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