< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hacangáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Alternative forms
  • *Hacanáh

Etymology

Perhaps from earlier *Hacanáh (compare Old Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬇𐬥𐬋 (asə̄nō)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haćanás, genitive singular of *Háćmā (“stone”). Cognate with Sanskrit अशन् (áśan), अश्नस् (áśnas), अश्ना (áśnā, “stone”, instr.).

Noun

*Hacangáh[1][2]

  1. stone, rock
  2. weight

Inflection
masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *Hacangáh *Hacangā́ *Hacangā́
vocative *Hacanga *Hacangā́ *Hacangā́
accusative *Hacangám *Hacangā́ *Hacangā́nh
instrumental *Hacangā́ *HacangáybyaH *Hacangā́yš
ablative *Hacangā́t *HacangáybyaH *Hacangáybyah
dative *Hacangā́y *HacangáybyaH *Hacangáybyah
genitive *Hacangáhya *Hacangáyāh *Hacangā́nam
locative *Hacangáy *Hacangáyaw *Hacangáyšu

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Old Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬇𐬥𐬋 (asə̄nō)
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬆𐬥𐬔𐬀 (asənga)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Scythian:
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (sam̥ggä)[3]
      • Ossetian:
        Digor Ossetian: дзӕнхъа (ʒænqa), дзӕгъгъа (ʒæǧǧa)
        Iron Ossetian: дзӕнгъа (ʒænǧa)
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: ασαγγο (asaggo /⁠asaŋg⁠/)
      • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (snk)
      • Proto-Sogdic:
        • Sogdian: (/⁠śaṁg(ā)⁠/)
          Buddhist: [script needed] (snk), [script needed] (snk')
          Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫗𐫃 (sng)
          Sogdian script: 𐼼𐼻𐼲 (snɣ) (Christian)
        • Yagnobi: sánk, sánka, sang
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (sůng)
    • Sanglechi: [script needed] (song)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: سنگ (sing, sang)
    • Caspian:
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: seng (“weight”)
      Central Kurdish: سەنگ (seng, “weight”)
      ⇒ Central Kurdish: سەنگاندن (sengandin), ھەڵ-سەنگاندن (hell-sengandin, “to weigh, compare, evaluate”)
    • Old Median: *asangah
      • Middle Median: *sang
        • Kermanic: سنگ (seng, sang, säng), سینگ (sēng)
        • Proto-Tatic:
          • Talysh:
            Northern Talysh: سق (sığ)
          • Old Tati:
            Old Azari: سغ (sağ)
            • Karingani: saǧ, sax
            • Harzani: səǧ
      • → Elamite:
        Achaemenid Elamite: 𒀾𒃻𒀭𒋡 (áš-šá-an-ka₄ /⁠ášanka⁠/)
    • Parthian: (/⁠asang⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘𐫗𐫃 (ʾsng), 𐫀𐫘𐫗𐫗𐫃 (ʾsnng)
    • Semnani:
      • Lasgerdi: سنگ (sang)
      • Sangisari: سنگ (sang)
      • Semnani: [script needed] (song)
      • Sorkhei: [script needed] (sɒng)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Larestani–Gulf:
    • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎰𐎥 (a-θ-g /⁠aθaⁿga⁠/)
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠sang⁠/)
        Book Pahlavi script: 𐮽𐮵𐯋𐮲 (sng), [script needed] (KYPA)
      • Zazaki: si(g)

References
  1. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*aśanga-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 238
  2. Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 198
  3. Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 417a
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