< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/θráhma

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *trásma, from Proto-Indo-European *trés-mn̥, from *tres- (“to tremble (with fear)”) + *-mn̥.

Noun

*θráhma[1]

  1. terror, fear

Descendants
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Parthian: *hram
      • → Middle Persian: *hram
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Bakhtiari: سهم (sahm)
    • Old Persian: *çahma
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠sahm⁠/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫍𐫖 (shm)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (shm)
        • Classical Persian: سهم (sahm)
          • → Armenian: սահմ (sahm)
          • → Gurani: سام (sām)
          • → Hindustani:
          • → Kurdish:
            Central Kurdish: سام (sam)
            Northern Kurdish: sav
            Southern Kurdish: سیەو (syew), سیەم (syem)
          • → Pashto: سهم (sahm)

References
  1. Nyberg, H. S. (1974) “sahm”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 172
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