< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/támHas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *témH-os ~ *témH-es-os.

Noun

*támHas n[1]

  1. darkness

Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms
  • *tamHasás (“dark”)
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tamHasás
      • Sanskrit: तमस (tamasá)
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tamHaháh
      • Avestan: 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀 (təmaŋha)
  • *tamHásriH (“darkness”) (contamination with *támHsram)
    • Proto-Nuristani: *tramášī (metathesis)
      • Northern Nuristani:
        • Kamkata-viri:
          Kamviri: tramšë́ (“twilight”) (< *tramašikā́)
      • Southern Nuristani:
        • Waigali: trëmëšë (“dark, stingy”) (< *tramašikā́)
  • *támHaswāns

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *támHas
    • Sanskrit: तमस् (támas) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Iranian: *támHah
    • Avestan: 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵 (təmah)
    • Central Kurdish: تەم (tem, “darkness, fog”)
    • Middle Persian: [script needed] (t(w)m /⁠tom⁠/, “darkness”)
      • Persian: تم (tam, “darkness, blackness, cataract”)

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “támas-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
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