< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/náyHati
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This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *néyHeti, thematic present of *neyH- (“to lead”).
Inflection
Nonfinite forms of *náyHati
| Infinitive | *náyHtum |
|---|---|
| Gerund | *níHtwaH |
| Past passive participle | *niHtás |
| Future passive participle | *nayHyás |
Present forms of *náyHati
| Active | Middle | Passive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *náyHaHmi | *náyHaHwas | *náyHaHmas | *náyHay | *nayHáHwadʰHay | *nayHáHmadʰHay | *niHyáy | *niHyáHwadʰHay | *niHyáHmadʰHay | |
| 2nd | *náyHasi | *náyHatʰas | *náyHatʰa | *náyHasay | *náyHaytʰay | *náyHadʰway | *niHyásay | *niHyáytʰay | *niHyádʰway | |
| 3rd | *náyHati | *náyHatas | *náyHanti | *náyHatay | *náyHaytay | *náyHantay | *niHyátay | *niHyáytay | *niHyántay | |
| Imperative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *náyHaHni | *náyHaHwa | *náyHaHma | *náyHaHy | *nayHáHwadʰHaHy | *nayHáHmadʰHaHy | *niHyáHy | *niHyáHwadʰHaHy | *niHyáHmadʰHaHy | |
| 2nd | *náyHa | *náyHatam | *náyHata | *náyHaswa | *náyHaytʰām | *náyHadʰwam | *niHyáswa | *niHyáytʰām | *niHyádʰwam | |
| 3rd | *náyHatu | *náyHatām | *náyHantu | *náyHatām | *náyHaytām | *náyHantam | *niHyátām | *niHyáytām | *niHyántam | |
| Optative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *náyHayHam | *náyHaywa | *náyHaymas | *náyHayHa | *nayHáywadʰHi | *nayHáymadʰHi | *niHyáyHa | *niHyáywadʰHi | *niHyáymadʰHi | |
| 2nd | *náyHays | *náyHaytam | *náyHayta | *náyHaytʰās | *nayHáyHātʰām | *náyHaydʰwam | *niHyáytʰās | *niHyáyHātʰām | *niHyáydʰwam | |
| 3rd | *náyHayt | *náyHaytām | *náyHayHunt | *náyHayta | *nayHáyHātām | *náyHayrant | *niHyáyta | *niHyáyHātām | *niHyáyrant | |
| Participles | *náyHant | *náyHamHnas | *niHyámHnas | |||||||
Imperfect forms of *náyHati
| Active | Middle | Passive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *ánayHam | *anáyHaHwa | *anáyHaHma | *ánayHay | *anayHáHwadʰHi | *anayHáHmadʰHi | *aniHyáy | *aniHyáHwadʰHi | *aniHyáHmadʰHi | |
| 2nd | *ánayHas | *anáyHatam | *anáyHata | *anáyHatʰās | *anáyHaytʰām | *anáyHadʰwam | *aniHyátʰās | *aniHyáytʰām | *aniHyádʰwam | |
| 3rd | *ánayHat | *anáyHatām | *ánayHant | *anáyHata | *anáyHaytām | *anáyHanta | *aniHyáta | *aniHyáytām | *aniHyánta | |
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *náyHati[1]
- Sanskrit: नयति (náyati) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian: *náyHatī[2]
- Younger Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (naiieiti)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (n'y'ty, 3sg.subj)
- Old Persian: 𐎠𐎴𐎹 (a-n-y /anaya/, 3sg.impf.ind)
- Middle Persian:
- Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (nʾyd, 3sg.pres.ind)
- Middle Persian:
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “náyati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*naiH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 278
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