Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/mántram

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *mén-tro-m, from *men- (“to think”) +‎ *-trom (instrumental noun suffix). Equivalent to *mányatay +‎ *-tram.

Noun

*mántram m (religion)

meditation, chanting

Declension

neuter a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mántram	*mántray	*mántraH
vocative	*mántram	*mántray	*mántraH
accusative	*mántram	*mántray	*mántraH
instrumental	*mántrā	*mántraybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*mántrāyš
ablative	*mántrāt	*mántraybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*mántraybʰyas
dative	*mántrāy	*mántraybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*mántraybʰyas
genitive	*mántrasya	*mántrayās	*mántrāna(H)m
locative	*mántray	*mántrayaw	*mántrayšu

Related terms

Derived terms

*mántra-kā́ras (“soothsayer”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mántrakā́ra
  - Sanskrit: मन्त्रकार (mántrakāra, “reciter, incantator”)
- Proto-Iranian: *mánθra-kā́rah
  - Sogdian: (/⁠mārkarē(k)⁠/, “soothsayer”)
    Sogdian script: [script needed] (mʾrkrʾy), [script needed] (mʾrkrʾk)
  - Parthian: (/⁠mahrīgar ~ mārigar⁠/, “sorcerer, incantator”)
    Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫃𐫡 (mʾrygr), 𐫖𐫍𐫡𐫏𐫃𐫡 (mhrygr)
    - → Aghwan: 𐕌𐔰𐕙𐕘𐔰𐕛𐔴𐕎 (marġaven, “prophet”)
    - → Old Armenian: մարգարէ (margarē, “prophet”)
      - Armenian: մարգարե (margare)
    - → Classical Persian: مارگر (mārgar, “incantator”)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mántram
- Sanskrit: मन्त्र (mántra) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *mánθram
- Avestan: 𐬨𐬄𐬚𐬭𐬀 (mąθra)
  - → Middle Persian: (/⁠māns^ar⁠/, “holy word, spell”)
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (mʾnsl)
    - Classical Persian: منتر (mantar, “spell”)
      Iranian Persian: منتر (mantar, “wondering”)
      - → Pashto: منتر (mantar, “spell; charm”)
- Wakhi: (/⁠mutr⁠/, “horoscope; omen”)
  Arabic script: مؤتر
  
  Cyrillic script: мутр (mutr)
- Pashto: مرۍ (marə́j /⁠talisman;charm⁠/)
- Old Median: *mánθra
  - → Old Persian: *𐎶𐎰𐎼 (*m-θ-r /⁠*maⁿθra⁠/)
    - Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫖𐫍𐫡 (mhr /⁠mahr⁠/, “hymn”)
      - Dari: مار (mār, “think, spell”) (as a complex: بدمار (badmâr, “evil; sly (lit.) who has a bad spell or hymn”))
- Parthian: (/⁠mahr⁠/, “hymn”)
  Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫍𐫡 (mhr)

References

R. Schmitt (2011) “Aryans”, in Encyclopedia Iranica Online

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