< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/krátuš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kré-tus, from *kret- +‎ *-us. Cognate with Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús, “strong, mighty”).

Noun

*krátuš m[1][2]

  1. intelligence, mental power

Declension
masculine u-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *krátuš *krátuH *krátawas
vocative *krátaw *krátuH *krátawas
accusative *krátum *krátuH *krátunš
instrumental *krátuH *krátubʰyaH *krátubʰiš
ablative *krátawš *krátubʰyaH *krátubʰyas
dative *krátaway *krátubʰyaH *krátubʰyas
genitive *krátawš *krátuwaHs *krátunām?
locative *krátā(w)? *krátuwaw *krátušu

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *krátuṣ
  • Proto-Iranian: *xrátuš
    • Avestan: 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (xratu)
    • Old Median: *xratu
      • → Old Persian: 𐎧𐎼𐎬 (x-r-tu /⁠xratu⁠/)
        • Middle Persian: (/⁠xrad⁠/)
          Manichaean script: 𐫟𐫡𐫅 (xrd)
          Book Pahlavi script: 𐮴𐮹𐯁𐮵 (𐮴𐮹𐯁𐮵)
          • Classical Persian: خرد (xirad)
            • Persian: خرد (xerad)
            • Tajik: хирад (xirad)
          • → Old Armenian: խրատ (xrat)
    • Old Persian: [Term?] (/⁠xraθu⁠/)

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “krátu-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  2. Ahmadi, Amir (2014) “Avestan xratu-”, in Iranian Studies, volume 47, number 6, →DOI, pages 903–913
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