Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/káćšas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kóḱs-o-s, from *koḱs- (“joint”). Cognate with Proto-Italic *koksā (whence Latin coxa (“hip”)), Old Irish coss (“foot”), Tocharian B kakse (“midriff, loins”).[1]

Noun

*káćšas m

(anatomy) armpit

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*káćšas	*káćšā	*káćšā, -ās(as)
vocative	*káćša	*káćšā	*káćšā, -ās(as)
accusative	*káćšam	*káćšā	*káćšāns
instrumental	*káćšā	*káćšaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*káćšāyš
ablative	*káćšāt	*káćšaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*káćšaybʰyas
dative	*káćšāy	*káćšaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*káćšaybʰyas
genitive	*káćšasya	*káćšayās	*káćšāna(H)m
locative	*káćšay	*káćšayaw	*káćšayšu

Derived terms

*upakaćšas
- Proto-Iranian: *upakašah
  - Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾpkš /⁠əpkaš⁠/)
  - Yagnobi: [script needed] (kapáš, kⁱpáš)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *káṭṣas
- Sanskrit: कक्ष (kákṣa)
  - Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀔 (kakkha), 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙 (kaccha)
  - Dardic:
    - Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (kaċyāl)
    - Kalami: [script needed] (kac̣āl)
    - Kashmiri: کَژھ (kaċh)
    - Khowar: [script needed] (kuṣkomul)
    - Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (kaċal), [script needed] (xac̣em, “my armpit”)
    - Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (kačalīn)
    - Savi: [script needed] (kačal)
    - Shumashti: [script needed] (xaċī)
    - Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (kačī)
    - Torwali: [script needed] (kaṣāl)
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ކަކ (kak)
    - Sinhalese: කැස (kæsa)
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Nepali: काख (kākh, “lap”)
  - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀔 (kakkha), 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙 (kaccha)
    - Assamese: কাষ (kax)
    - Bengali: কাছ (kach)
    - Bihari:
      Bhojpuri: कांख (kāṅkh)
      Maithili: कांख (kāṅkh)
      Magahi: 𑂍𑂰𑂀𑂎 (kã̄kh)
    - Odia: କାଖ (kakhô)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀔 (kakkha), 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙 (kaccha)
    - Marathi: कास (kās)
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Punjabi:
      - Gurmukhi script: ਕੱਛ (kaccha)
      - Shahmukhi script: کَچّھ (kacch)
    - Sindhi:
      - Arabic script: کَچھ (kach)
      - Devanagari script: कछ (kach)
  - Pali: kaccha
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀔 (kakkha), 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙 (kaccha)
    - Gujarati: કાખ (kākh)
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: कांख (kāṅkh)
      Urdu: کانکھ (kā̃kh)
    - Kumaoni: काख (kākh, “lap”)
    - Romani: kakh
Proto-Iranian: *kášah
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬱𐬀 (kaša)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Gurani: کەش (keş)
  - Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: کۆش (koş, “lap”)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Middle Persian: [script needed] (kš /⁠kaš⁠/)
    - Persian: کش (kaš)
Proto-Nuristani: *káča
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: kāčkařū
  - Prasuni: kuṣlogu
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Waigali: kačãt

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kákṣa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “coxa”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 140

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[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “coxa”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 140