< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/HáštraH

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Feminine of **Háštram, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵ-tro-m (“instrument of propelling”), from *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”).

Noun

*HáštraH f[1]

  1. whip (for driving cattle)
  2. goad

Declension
aH-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *HáštraH *Háštray *Háštrās
vocative *Háštray *Háštray *Háštrās
accusative *Háštrām *Háštray *Háštrās
instrumental *HáštrayaH *HáštraHbʰyā(m) *HáštraHbʰiš
ablative *HáštrayaHs *HáštraHbʰyā(m) *HáštraHbʰyas
dative *HáštrayaHy *HáštraHbʰyā(m) *HáštraHbʰyas
genitive *HáštrayaHs *Háštrāyās *HáštraHnām
locative *HáštrayaH(m) *Háštrāyaw *HáštraHsu

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáṣṭraH
  • Proto-Iranian: *HáštraH
    • Avestan: 𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬁 (aštrā)
    • Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾštl /⁠aštar⁠/)[2]
  • → Ugric: *oćtɜrɜ (From earlier *HáĉtraH):[3]
    • Mansi:
      • Northern Mansi: [script needed] (ɔ̄śtər)
    • Hungarian: ostor

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ás.t.rā-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  2. MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “aštar”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 13
  3. Entry #658 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
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