< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hrugʰís

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Most likely a wanderwort that spread in post-PIE times.[1]

Noun

*Hrugʰís m

  1. rye

Inflection
Athematic, proterokinetic
singular
nominative *Hréwgʰis
genitive *Hrugʰéys
singular dual plural
nominative *Hréwgʰis *Hréwgʰih₁(e) *Hréwgʰeyes
vocative *Hréwgʰi *Hréwgʰih₁(e) *Hréwgʰeyes
accusative *Hréwgʰim *Hréwgʰih₁(e) *Hréwgʰims
genitive *Hrugʰéys *? *HrugʰéyoHom
ablative *Hrugʰéys *? *Hrugʰímos
dative *Hrugʰéyey *? *Hrugʰímos
locative *Hrugʰéy, *Hrugʰḗy *? *Hrugʰísu
instrumental *Hrugʰíh₁ *? *Hrugʰímis

Alternative reconstructions
  • *rugʰís, *rugʰyós[2]
  • *wrugʰyós[3] (based on dubious inclusion of Thracian *briza, but the other languages show no trace of the supposed *w-)

Descendants
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *rugís (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *rugiz (see there for further descendants)

Further reading
  • Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rugi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 416

References
  1. Szemerényi, Oswald (1967) “Славянская этимология на индоевропейском фоне”, in В. А. Меркулова, transl., Вопросы языкознания (in Russian), number 4, page 23
  2. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 164: “*rughis ~ *rughyo-”
  3. Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 1183, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1183 of 1183, *u̯rughi̯o-
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