< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/udrós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European
*udrós, *udréh₂

Etymology

From *wed- (“water”) +‎ *-rós (Caland system suffix).

Adjective

*udrós

  1. of water, aquatic
  2. otter

Inflection
Thematic
masculine feminine
nominative *udrós *udréh₂
genitive *udrósyo *udréh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *udrós *udróh₁ *udróes
vocative *udré *udróh₁ *udróes
accusative *udróm *udróh₁ *udróms
genitive *udrósyo *? *udróHom
ablative *udréad *? *udrómos
dative *udróey *? *udrómos
locative *udréy, *udróy *? *udróysu
instrumental *udróh₁ *? *udrṓys
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *udréh₂ *udréh₂h₁(e) *udréh₂es
vocative *udréh₂ *udréh₂h₁(e) *udréh₂es
accusative *udrā́m *udréh₂h₁(e) *udréh₂m̥s
genitive *udréh₂s *? *udréh₂oHom
ablative *udréh₂s *? *udréh₂mos
dative *udréh₂ey *? *udréh₂mos
locative *udréh₂, *udréh₂i *? *udréh₂su
instrumental *udréh₂h₁ *? *udréh₂mis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *udróm *udróy(h₁) *udréh₂
vocative *udróm *udróy(h₁) *udréh₂
accusative *udróm *udróy(h₁) *udréh₂
genitive *udrósyo *? *udróHom
ablative *udréad *? *udrómos
dative *udróey *? *udrómos
locative *udréy, *udróy *? *udróysu
instrumental *udróh₁ *? *udrṓys

Derived terms
  • *údr-eh₂ (“otter”)[1]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ū́ˀdrāˀ[2] (*ū from Winter’s Law, see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *udrā[3]
      • ⇒ Latin: lutra (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *údrā
      • Ancient Greek: ὕδρα (húdra, “sea snake”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *údr-o-s[1]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ū́ˀdras[4] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *utraz[1] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *údros
      • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀄𐀈𐀫 (u-do-ro)
      • Ancient Greek: ὕδρος (húdros, “sea snake, water animal”)
  • *udr-ó-s (“otter”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *udrás (see there for further descendants)

Descendants
  • Proto-Celtic: *udros (“dun, greyish-brown”)[5]
    • Old Irish: odur (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Albanian: *hĭwĭd-lʉh
    • Albanian: hyll (“god”)
  • Illyrian: *hud-lo

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*utra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 562
  2. Kim, Ronald (2018) “The Phonology of Balto-Slavic”, in Jared S. Klein, Brian Joseph, and Matthias Fritz, editors, Handbook of Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook‎, Berlin: de Gruyter, →ISBN
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “lutra”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355
  4. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “ūdrs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
  5. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*uden-sk-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 395
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