< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swer-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*swer-[1]

  1. to ache
  2. to fester
  3. wound; injury

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swer- (ache)‎ (4 c, 0 e)
  • *swer- (root present)
    • Proto-Germanic: *sweraną (see there for further descendants)
  • *swer-wos
  • *swer-tó- or *swer-dʰo-
    • Germanic: (unclear, requiring an additional original sense 'to cut') *swerdą (“sword”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *swer-ō
  • *swór-os
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Proto-Slavic: *xvorъ (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Celtic:

Root

*swer-[2][3]

  1. to resound; ringing, whistling
  2. to speak loudly
  3. to swear

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swer- (swear)‎ (6 c, 0 e)
  • *swér-e-ti (thematic root present)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swárati
  • *swor-ye- (o-grade ye-present)
    • Proto-Germanic: *swarjaną (“to swear”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *swor-éye- (causative)
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Proto-Slavic: *svariti (see there for further descendants)
  • *swor-eh₂
    • Proto-Germanic: *swarō (“statement, oath, vow”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *swor-ós
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Proto-Slavic: *svarъ (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Italic:
      • Latin: (possibly) surdus (“deaf”)
      • Latin: (perhaps) susurrus (“whisper, rustle”)
      • Oscan: (possibly) sverruneí (“speaker?”, dative singular)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  2. Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “zweren”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎ (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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