< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/skeyd-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Extension of the root *skey-.

Root

*skeyd- (perfective)

  1. to split, to divide

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *skeyd-‎ (22 c, 0 e)
  • *skéyd-t ~ *skid-ént (athematic root aorist)
  • *ski-né-d-ti ~ *ski-n-d-énti (nasal-infix present)
  • *skoyd-éye-ti (causative)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skáiˀdīˀtei[1][2]
      • Eastern Baltic:
        • Latvian: skaîdît (“to dilute, spill”)
        • Lithuanian: skáidyti (“to separate, divide, distribute”)
      • Proto-Slavic: *cědìti (“to strain, filter”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *skaydáyati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śćaydáyati (leveled with the zero- and e-grade root forms)
        • Sanskrit: छेदयति (chedáyati, “to (cause to) cut off, split apart”)
  • *skid-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *skʰíďďō
      • Ancient Greek: σχίζω (skhízō) (with *skʰid- perhaps for *skidʰ, if the extension is with *dʰeh₁-.)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sčidyáti
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śćidyáti
        • Sanskrit: छिद्यते (chídyate, chidyáte)
  • *skéyd-ye-ti (full-grade ye-present)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skeistei
      • Latvian: šķiêst
      • Lithuanian: skíesti (“to separate”)
  • *skid-i-s, *skid-o-s
    • Proto-Germanic: *skitiz, *skītaz (see there for further descendants)
  • *skid-nó-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *śčidnás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śćidnás
  • *skeyd-ro-s
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skeidras
      • Proto-Slavic: *ščedrъ (“generous”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *skéyd-ti-s ~ *skid-téy-s
    • Proto-Hellenic: *skʰístis
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *śčítˢtiš (zero-grade)
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śćíttiṣ
        • Sanskrit: छित्ति (chítti)
  • *skid-tó-s
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skī́stas
      • Eastern Baltic:
      • Western Baltic:
      • Proto-Slavic: *čistъ (“clean, pure”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *skʰistós
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Armenian:
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Eastern Baltic:
        • Lithuanian: skėsti (“to spread”)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Proto-Slavic: *cěstiti (“to purify, cleanse”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic:
      • Proto-Brythonic:
        • Welsh: cwys
    • Proto-Celtic:
      • Proto-Brythonic:
  • Proto-Tocharian: *kät- [3]

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “cědìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 74: “BSl. *(s)koiʔd-; […] PIE *(s)koid-”
  2. Derksen, Rick (2015) “skaidyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 400
  3. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kät-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 166-167
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