< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pstḗn

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Unknown; possibly related with Ancient Greek στῆθος (stêthos, “breast”).

Noun

*pstḗn m[1]

  1. breast, teat

Inflection
Athematic, hysterokinetic
singular
nominative *pstḗn
genitive *pstnés
singular dual plural
nominative *pstḗn *psténh₁(e) *psténes
vocative *pstén *psténh₁(e) *psténes
accusative *psténm̥ *psténh₁(e) *psténm̥s
genitive *pstnés *? *pstnóHom
ablative *pstnés *? *pstn̥mós
dative *pstnéy *? *pstn̥mós
locative *pstén, *psténi *? *pstn̥sú
instrumental *pstnéh₁ *? *pstn̥mís

Derived terms
  • *pstén-o-s[2][3]
    • Proto-Germanic: *spenô (“nipple”)[4] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pstánas (see there for further descendants)
  • *pston-ó-s[5]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pstānás
      • Proto-Iranian: *pstānáh
        • Avestan: 𐬟𐬱𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (fštāna, “woman's breast”)
        • Middle Persian: pystʾn' (pestān, “breast”)
        • Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾštnh /⁠əštana⁠/, “breast”)
  • *sptén-yo-s[4] (< metathesis *pstén-yo-s)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *spenis
      • Latvian: spenis (“nipple, teat, uvula”)
      • Lithuanian: spenỹs (“uvula”)
      • Old Prussian: spenis (“nipple, teat”)
    • Proto-Celtic: *sɸenyos (see there for further descendants)

Descendants
  • Proto-Armenian: *stēn[6][7]
    • Old Armenian: ստին (stin, “breast”)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *stḗn[7]
    • ⇒ Ancient Greek: στήνιον (stḗnion, “breast”)
    • ⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *pərsténos (“having protruding breasts”)[8]
      • Ancient Greek: παρθένος (parthénos), (Laconian) παρσένος (parsénos, “virgin, girl, young woman”)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *päścäne (< CCC epenthesis, *psténh₁(e) (dual))

References
  1. Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2245: “*psten-”
  2. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*psténos”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 81
  3. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “speno-, stḗno-, p(ə)stḗno-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 990
  4. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*spenan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 466
  5. Gotō, Toshifumi (2005) “AI. ádbhuta, ádabdha, JAV. abda-, dapta- und AI. addhā́, AAV. AP. azdā”, in Indogermanica – Festschrift Gert Klingenschmitt: Indische, iranische und indogermanische Studien‎: “*psteno- oder *pstono-”
  6. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “stin”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 584–585
  7. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “στήνιον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1404
  8. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “παρθένος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1153
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