< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pleh₁-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pleh₂- and Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pleh₃(w)-
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*pleh₁- (perfective)[1][2][3]

  1. to fill

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁-‎ (31 c, 0 e)
  • *pe-plóh₁-e ~ *pe-pl̥h₁-ḗr (reduplicated stative)[1]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *paprā́Ha (see there for further descendants)
  • *pí-pleh₁-ti ~ *pí-pl̥h₁-n̥ti (i-reduplicated root athematic present)[1][5][4]
  • *pléh₁-dʰe-ti (dʰe-present)[1]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *plḗtʰō
      • Ancient Greek: πλήθω (plḗthō) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *práHdʰati
      • Proto-Iranian: *fráHdati (see there for further descendants)
  • *pleh₁-t ~ *pl̥h₁-ént (root athematic aorist)[1][6][2]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *plētó (< middle voice *pl̥h₁-tó)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HápraHt
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HápraHt
        • Sanskrit: अप्रात् (áprāt)
  • *pléh₁-ye-ti (ye-present)[1]
    • Proto-Italic: *plējō[7]
      • Latin: pleō (see there for further descendants)
  • *plḗh₁-s-t ~ *pléh₁-s-n̥t (s-aorist)[1][8]
    • Proto-Armenian:
    • Proto-Hellenic: *éplēse
      • Ancient Greek: ἔπλησα (éplēsa)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáprāHsat
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáprāHsat
        • Sanskrit: अप्रास् (aprās)
  • *pl̥h₁-éh₁-ti (eh₁-stative)
  • *pl̥h₁-néw-ti (new-present)
  • *pl̥h₁-yé-tor (ye-deponent)[1]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hyátay (see there for further descendants)
  • *pleh₁-ró-s[9][7]
    • >? Proto-Celtic: *ɸlīros (“sea, ocean”)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *plērós
    • Proto-Italic: *plēros[7]
  • *pléh₁-ti-s *pl̥h₁-téy-s[12]
    • Proto-Armenian:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *práHtiš
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *práHtiš
        • Sanskrit: प्राति (prātí)
  • *pléh₁-dʰuh₁-
  • *po-ploh₁-s
    • (perhaps) Proto-Italic: *poplos (see there for further descendants)
  • *pl̥h₁-go-m
    • Proto-Germanic: *fulką (“folk”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *pélh₁-u-
    • Proto-Celtic: *ɸilus
    • Proto-Germanic: *felu
  • *polh₁-ú-s
    • Proto-Hellenic:
  • *ploh₁-us-s
    • Proto-Italic: *plows

Further reading
  • Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 309
  • Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*pleh₁-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 482-83
  2. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 262: “*h₁é-pleh₁-t”
  3. Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2257: “*pleh₁-to-”
  4. Fick, August (1890–1909) “péla : pḷa”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 82
  5. Byrd, Andrew Miles (2015) The Indo-European Syllable (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 15), Leiden: Brill, page 121: “*pi-pleh₁-”
  6. Bendahman, Jadwiga (1993) Der reduplizierte Aorist in den indogermanischen Sprachen (Deutsche Hochschulschriften; 642), Egelsbach: Hänsel-Hohenhausen, page 147: “*pl̥h₁-to”
  7. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-pleō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 472-473: “PIt. *plē{-je/o)- [pr.], * plēno- ‘full’, *plēro- ‘most of’, *-plē-t; PIE *pleh₁- [aor.] ‘to fill’, *plh₁nó- ‘full’, *pl(e)h₁ro- ‘full’, *-pleh₁t-.”
  8. Olsen, Birgit Anette (2017–2018) “Chapter X: Armenian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Armenian, page 1092: “*pleh₁-s-”
  9. Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 136: “*pleh₁-ro-”
  10. Rothstein-Dowden, Zachary (2023) “Dental-aspirate presents in Greek and Indo-European (Doctoral dissertation)”, in Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences‎, Cambridge: Harvard University
  11. Lloyd, Albert L., Lühr, Rosemarie (2007) “fol”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen (in German), volumes III: fadum – fustslag, Göttingen/Zürich: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 446-447
  12. Kapović, Mate, editor (2017), The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 656: “*pleh₁tis”
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